Anatomy of the Hip Joint

The hip joint is a ball-and-socket type joint where the ball-shaped head of the femur (thigh bone) fits into the socket known as the acetabulum in the pelvis.

Key Structures:

1. Femoral head: Ball-shaped top of the femur.
2. Acetabulum: Socket in the pelvis that accommodates the femoral head.
3. Joint capsule: A strong, fibrous envelope that surrounds the joint, providing stability.
4. Ligament of the head of the femur: A crucial ligament that attaches the femoral head to the acetabulum.

When the hip luxates, the femoral head gets displaced from the acetabulum. This displacement tears both the ligament of the head of the femur and the joint capsule. Occasionally chip fractures inside the joint can be seen.

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Treatment Options

1. Toggle pin fixation: A surgical technique where the hip joint is stabilized using a toggle pin and suture. A small hole is drilled through the femoral neck and acetabulum, and a metal toggle pin is passed through, anchored with a suture to keep the femoral head within the acetabulum. This is the treatment of choice for uncomplicated hip luxation, with success rates of over 90%.
2. Total Hip Replacement (THR): A surgical procedure that replaces the damaged hip joint with prosthetic components. This is the treatment of choice for those patients with underlying hip dysplasia, severe joint damage, or those with recurring luxation.
3. Femoral head ostectomy (FHO): A procedure where the ball-shaped head of the femur is removed. The body then forms a "false" joint. This may be performed in some animals with fractures in the joint, severe underlying hip dysplasia, or those with recurring luxation where THR is not indicated.

The recommended treatment is based on several factors including the age, activity level, and health of your dog, as well as financial considerations. Together we’ll determine the best option tailored for your pet's needs.

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Care After Hip Toggle

Week 1-2: Limited movement. Brief, supervised outdoor breaks. Watch for any signs of infection or unusual changes at the incision site. We’ll see your pet at the 2-week mark to check on their progress and make sure the incisions are healing as expected.

Week 3-4: Slow reintroduction to walks, avoiding any jumps or intense play.

Week 5 onwards: Gradually returning to regular activities based on guidance from the team.

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Potential Complications of the Hip Toggle Procedure in Dogs

While the hip toggle surgery often provides excellent outcomes, as with any medical procedure, there are potential complications to be aware of.

1. Recurrence of Luxation: Despite stabilisation, the hip can potentially luxate again, especially if the pet engages in vigorous activity too soon or experiences another trauma.
2. Infection: As with any surgical procedure, there's a risk of infection at the surgical site. Symptoms may include redness, swelling, warmth, and discharge.
3. Osteoarthritis development: Over time, any joint injury or surgery can predispose the joint to the development of osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease.

Remember, while hip luxation can be distressing, with prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, most dogs can return to a happy and active life.