What is Hip Dysplasia?

Hip dysplasia is a developmental disorder where the ball and socket joint of the hip doesn't form properly. This misalignment can lead to joint instability, causing pain and eventually osteoarthritis.

Hip dysplasia has a genetic component, making certain breeds more susceptible. Other factors like rapid growth, diet, and exercise can also contribute. Over time, the poor fit between the ball (femoral head) and socket (acetabulum) causes abnormal wear and tear, leading to inflammation, pain, and degenerative changes.

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Diagnosis

1. Physical Examination: Veterinarians may detect pain, decreased range of motion, or a distinctive "bunny hopping" gait.
2. X-rays: Radiographs provide a clear picture of the hip joints, revealing signs of dysplasia or secondary osteoarthritis.

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Surgical Treatment Options

1. Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis (JPS): This is a preventive surgery for very young dogs at risk of developing hip dysplasia. The pubic bone is fused early, which allows the rest of the pelvis to develop more normally, promoting a better hip joint fit. This is a relatively minor procedure with excellent reported outcomes, but must be performed before 20 weeks of age.
2. Double Pelvic Osteotomy (DPO): Recommended for younger dogs with hip dysplasia but no osteoarthritis. The pelvic bone is cut and realigned to improve the hip socket's orientation, making it a better fit for the femoral head.
3. Total Hip Replacement (THR): Suitable for dogs with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis, or younger dogs with severe hip dysplasia before osteoarthritis has significantly developed. The damaged hip joint is replaced with an artificial one, restoring full function and eliminating pain.
4. Femoral Head Ostectomy (FHO): This involves removing the ball (femoral head) of the hip joint. Scar tissue then forms, creating a 'false' joint that is pain-free. It's often a choice for smaller dogs or when other surgical options are not feasible.

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Managing Osteoarthritis

Most dogs with hip dysplasia do not need a major surgery such as THR or FHO. However, management to minimise the development of osteoarthritis is important.

1. Weight management: Keeping your pet at an ideal weight reduces joint stress.
2. Physical therapy: Gentle exercises and physical therapy can maintain joint mobility, improve muscle strength, and help with weight management.
3. Pain management: A range of medications, in particular NSAIDs, can be prescribed. These medications are very safe and effective in controlling the signs of OA, allowing your pet to be active. Always follow dosing advice.
4. Joint supplements: Products containing omega-3 fatty acids can help reduce with need for NSAIDs. Ingredients like glucosamine and chondroitin can also support joint health.
5. Environmental adjustments: Soft bedding, ramps, and minimizing stairs can make daily life more comfortable for your pet.
6. Anti-NGF monoclonal antibodies: These are lab-made molecules targeting and neutralizing nerve growth factor (NGF), a protein associated with pain in OA. These are new treatment options that may be beneficial in older animals with advanced osteoarthritis.

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Moving Forward

Hip dysplasia is a manageable condition, especially when detected early. Treatment decisions should consider your dog's age, severity of the condition, and overall health. Regardless of the chosen approach, post-treatment care and regular check-ups are important for ensuring your dog's health and comfort.